The following guidelines are used to connect a 4-pair (that is, eight individual wire) Unsheilded Twisted-Pair (UTP) copper cable to an RJ-45 connector. This figure shows the typical arrangement of wires, and follows the Electronic Industry Association/Telecommunications Industry Association's (EIA/TIA) Standard 568B.
Straight-Through Cables
A “straight-through” cable has the wiring shown in Figure 4.6 at both ends of the cable (i.e., pins 1-8 on one end of the cable correspond to pins 1-8 on the other end of the cable). Straight-through cables are used to connect two devices of differing types. For example, straight-through cables connect: computer-to-switch, computer-to-patch-panel, and computer-to-modem.
Cross-Over Cables
In “cross-over” cables one end has the has Figure 4.6 and the other end changes the orange and green pairs. Cross-over cables are used to connect two devices of the same type. For example, cross-over cables connect: computer-to-computer, switch-to-switch, and modem-to-modem.
The arrangement of wires for cross over cables is as follows:
Search engines are computer programs that travel the Web, gather the text of Web pages and make it possible to search for them. Please keep in mind that no search engine covers the entire Web. In fact, experts estimate that the largest search engines cover only 15% of the World Wide Web. No search engine is completely up to date. Search engines are rugged individualists—none of them index the same Web information, and none of them are searched the same way. It is imperative that you take the time to read the help screens before using any search engine.
How Can I Learn to Use Search Engines? Excellent tutorials can be found at: 1.www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/ 2.http://library.albany.edu/internet
Are There Rules of Thumb for Learning to Use Search Engines? 1.Thoroughly learn to use one or two of the simple search engines such as Google. 2.Learn one meta-search engine such as Vivisimo www.vivisimo.com 3.Learn one complex search engine such as All the Web Advanced Search.
What Are Some Good Search Engines?
All the Web www.alltheweb.com An excellent simple search engine that is very similar to Google in that it ranks results according to the number of pages linked to them. Its Advanced Search option permits full Boolean searching.
The Rules 1.All the Web reads spaces between words as the Boolean “and”. 2.Put multi-word phrases in quotation marks “united states”. 3.All the Web is case insensitive. “United States” is identical to “united states”. 4.All the Web does not permit wildcards. 5.All the Web simple search allows for Boolean “and” with a + sign, and Boolean not with a – 6.All the Web simple search enables searching for News, Pictures, Video, Audio and FTP files. 7.All the Web permits field limiters. A field limiter requires that a key word or phrase appear in a specific section of a Web page. The title limiter is perhaps the most useful in that if a search is confined to only the title of a Web page, it is likely that the results will be on topic. url:football link:www.mongtgomerycollege.edu title:”Libraries’ Home Page” seize language:fr (seize means 16 in French) 8.All the Web advanced search permits the use of Boolean operators,”and” “or”. Not is written “andnot.” 9.All the Web’s advanced search includes several other filters.
Google www.google.com One of the largest, fastest and easiest to use simple search engines. Google puts pages that have the most pages linked to them at the top of the search results list. This simple strategy is a surprisingly effective method of finding good sites quickly.
The Rules
1.Google reads spaces between words as the Boolean“and” . 2.Google simple search permits or when input in ALL CAPS (horses OR riding). 3.Be sure to put any multi-word phrase in quotation marks: “united states”. 4.Google is case insensitive: Google reads “United States” and “united states” identically. 5.Use + signs to include stop words in your search +in +the gloaming . 6.Use – signs to exclude words saturn –car -automobile . 7.Google does not permit Wildcards. 8.You may field limit on the Google main search page by typing the kind of limit you wish,a colon, and then the keywords. title:hmo lawsuits . Google allows for field limits similar to those outlined for All the Web, above. 9.Google permits searching for pictures Usenet Newsgroups and an excellent Subject Directory. It does not have an easy method of searching for audio, video or FTP files. 10.Google Advanced Search is excellent and can be reached by clicking on Advanced Search On the Google Advanced Search : “with all of the words” is equivalent to the Boolean “AND.” “with any of the words” is equivalent to the Boolean “OR.” “without the words” is equivalent to the Boolean “NOT.” “with the exact phrase” is equivalent to putting a phrase. You may limit by language, date, format etc. Use “Occurrences” to limit by field.
Are you sharing any files or printers in windozer??? Well, did you know that unless you have got a firewall installed that you aren’t just sharing them over your network. But the Internet as well. So, time to have some fun. Use Nbtstat -A ipaddress to determine if anything on their computer is being shared (nbtstat comes with windows in the windows directory). (eg. Nbtstat -a 222.33.12.1) When you know an IP for a computer being shared (computers that share usually have the 139 port open), type in Net view \\the IP address. The command should look something like this: Net View \\222.33.0.4. You will get something like this
This tells you what is being shared! To connect to the computer you would type a command in this form NET USE p: \\IPADDRESS\SHARENAME (eg Net use p: \\.23.23.111.7\CDROM\) "p:" Maps the drive to drive p. It will take a while to connect of course. if you aren't using NT, it also takes alot of resources. Have fun!!
So you’ve learnt how to get an IP address and now it is time to learn how to find out what that persons using. Everything that someone does over the internet is done over a port. There are different ports for common services. Ie:
Port 80 is the port for Http (web sites). Port 21 is for Telnet Port 23 is for FTP port 139 is the netbios port ;) (ie. the file sharing port)
What does this mean? It means that you can check what internet services are being used on one machine or you can scan a whole range of IP addresses for one individual service which you can use to hack into the machine. Say you wanted to scan a huge range of machines to see if they have BO installed. You just type in an IP address (use a wildcard at the end (ie . Eg 122.54.0.*)) Then you type the port in (31337 for BO) and scan. If u You don’t find anything, check the next range of ports. In fact, many port scanners allow you to specify a range, which makes it easy. The port scanner in BO is the best example I can think of that people will know. If you were serious about hacking however you would use a good port scanner like nmap.
Nmap supports stealthing abilities which makes it possible to evade firewalls and stuff and reduce detection, available from www.nmap.org, however, at present, u need to compile it yourself
Ok. I had a break in between this so I don’t really know where I left off. By the way, the things inside the speech marks are whats important.... Dont be stupid and include the speech marks!.I guess its time to learn some DOS commands.Don’t laugh.I bet you don’t know some of these.An example of one is "subst".The standard syntax to use it is Drive letter: Drive/directory.An example of it is this:subst e: c:\Auzy
What this does is map a directory to a drive.Or basically to make a directory into a temporary drive in the above example, if you go to the e:, the contents of the E: look identical to the contents of c:\auzy.Including the subdirectories. Screw around with it. You will find out its usefulness.
Another dos command that is useful is edit.A simple dos editor that looks like Qbasic (which isn’t shipped with windoze anymore).Just type edit in dos to run it.Fun ehh? Not really.An barely useful command is Fdisk which allows you to partition your disk.After you partition it, format the drives you made.I don’t suggest you screw with it though unless you just bought a harddisk and need to make a new partition.Dos was fun, and nearly unexploitable, unlike windowz.You know you can make as many drives as you want from the same Harddisk.Just make many logical partitions!
"Net" is a populer command used to connect to other windows computers.It is great especially if the target has file sharing turned on.I am only mentioning it but i highly recommend screwing with it.
"Ping" sends packets to a computer to determine what the connection is like.It is also helpful if you know someones Ip, sure of it, and know they are online as if the packets come back as unreachable, it means they are probably behind a firewall... Which will stop you for another 3 minutes before they die ;)Also, a simple OOB bomb used to be able to be sent by ping by using ping -l packetsize target to increase the packet size.What happened was that before this bug was fixed you could crash many programs... Even Windows 95.
"Tracert" is used to determine which path the packets travel on the net.Through which routers and computers to get to its target.In reality, it actually takes advantage of a major exploit.This program however isn't dangerous. Many programs actually keep a database where these routers are and tell you where the routers are located and around where the person is located. Using overseas ISps, although stupid and inpractical, actually solves this problem.But only do that if you got stacks of cash, desperate, and stupid... In other words whats the point?Do you really need to fake what country you're in???
"Netstat" simply tells you which servers you are connected to... Great fun.... Great for busting a hackers a$$.<==== Recommend. ;) ;) ;) ;) ;)
"Nbtstat" is associated with Netbios and is invaluable when finding machines which have file sharing.
"Ftp" allow you to connect to an FTP server.This program is only helpful if you know ftp commands and I'm to stuffed to teach any as you can just open your copy of cuteftp or something for the time being.By the time you know them, you will be using linux.If u are desperate, look on the net.This prog is helpful for exploits.
"Type", this command is great for just quickly viewing textfiles, especially the windows serial number when reinstalling from dos. Unlike "edit", it is built into command.com so doesn't need any external programs to boot it.The syntex is "type filename.txt".The command is poorly documented and not well known.
USING THE >> OPERATOR:By doing "command >> logfilename.txt", you can log all the output to a text.A good example is:
"tracert 203.111.45.1 >> output.txt".In the example, the output of the tracert command is logged.This is helpful as you can review the info later.
ws:
ws:
